Enemies scale in power with the floor they're on. Many enemies appear across all floors from beginning to end. Enemy drops are based on their difficulty, so you are always being rewarded appropriately for the challenge. If Brute Jellies dropped the same items regardless of their power, they would be unrewarding at later levels, and over-rewarding at early levels.
Personally, I think that all Brute Jellies, regardless of their level, should have a chance to drop Brute Cores, but that chance should increase with level. Maybe it already does work this way, but before floor 9, the chance is so low that no one has found one yet.