When it comes to ability ratings, does a generic "increase sword damage" stack with "increased damage vs X"
Example: I have Barbarous thorn shield and a full skolver set giving me 3 Medium (2) bonuses to hit the cap (6) for +sword damage.
Now lets say I get a UV sword for +damage to beasts. Will I get a bonus or have I capped out on damage?
You'll have already capped out. Damage bonuses share a stacking mechanic.