I'm not familiar with Steam and not sure if this would work, but you can try what i'm doing in order to play my Kongregate account without a browser:
First get a copy of Process Explorer - it's an excellent Task Manager replacement and you'll need it (or a similar program) to do this. You can google it or just go here - http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb896653
Launch SK normally (through Steam and whatever else is required).
Open Process Explorer and find the process for the game - it should be javaw.exe or java.exe - and right-click it, then select Properties.
Select and copy the contents of the Command line box - most of it is probably off-screen, but you can use the Select All option in the right-click menu.
Open Notepad and paste it all there, add "start " at the begining (without the quotes), and a new line (Enter) at the end. (just type start, press space, press Ctrl-V, press Enter)
Save it as "SK.cmd" in your game folder - make sure Notepad didn't add a TXT extension, rename if necessary.
Finally, make a shortcut to this file on your Desktop or wherever you wish and try it out.

A few notes:
The Steam functions probably won't work, like buying ce/whatever with steam currency.
I saw in some topic a statement that Steam uses it's own separate Java install - you may have to modify the beginning of the file to point to your system-wide javaw.exe (usually found in a "bin" folder within Program Files\Java\ )
Obviously, your account stays linked to Steam, this is just a way to launch the game directly (if it works at all)

HTH

[EDIT]
So, you want to play on a mobile (phone?).
It would need to have Java SE (the desktop version), while mobiles usually have Java ME (Java EE on embedded devices). Also, it should support OpenGL (not OpenGL ES). And it needs a high enough display resolution + plenty of memory and processing power + storage for the game itself.
If you can somehow fulfill these requirements, you could try the above, just find a way to start the Java VM with all these command line parameters, as .cmd files probably won't work there.