The speed penalty from the Plate Mail comes from how it's constructed. Plate Mail is designed with the primary interest of keeping the Knight protected from knocks, and in the case of Ironmight Plate Mail, shunting off piercing attacks. This means that gaps in the armor have to be thoroughly covered to ensure maximum protection. This extensive covering can be somewhat restrictive, not to mention uncomfortable, on Knights who are used to fluid movement of other armors such as the light Wolver Coat. In later versions of the armor, starting at Boosted Plate Mail, additional power systems are added to the armor. These manipulate the armor's plating directly before impacts to minimize damage and especially concussive effects. This doesn't make the armor any lighter, however.

Ancient Plate Mail is constructed very similarly, except the stonelike substance retrieved from the Firestorm Citadel's ruins replaces the standard Adamantium plating. It's considerably heavier and is quite rigid, unlike Adamantium which has a very small amount of elasticity, but it is also far more sturdy.

Note that when you are carrying objects, especially of awkward weights or shapes, you dequip your weapon and place your shield on your back. This allows you to manage your balance far better and move at full speed.

Next.

Basics on Bomb Internals

A knight moves slower while charging bombs due to a power transfer from the knight's armor to the bomb. This isn't enough power to solely cause the blast, but it assists in recharging the bomb's expended energy alongside the standard solarthermo method. (Absorbing light and heat from particles near the bomb's surface)

The Vortex series of bombs are quite essentially artefacts from many eras ago. No-one even knows if Isorans invented the bomb, let alone understand how they work.

The Acheron's blade is made partially from tempered Dark Matter. Dark Matter interacts with other Dark Matter via a force of attraction called "Weak Nuclear Force". In a nutshell, there's a large number of surrounding factors can effect the state of Dark Matter. It's a little too complex to explain thoroughly. Dark Matter weapons have been known for their occasional unreliability, but the chaotic state of the matter is what can make them so deadly.

Next.

The Spiral Knight's Power Armor Skeleton is the basis of all armor that the Knights wear, it often just has its protection altered, cover appearance modified, and extra functionalities added to cover different situations. The armor has two modes of function: Freelance and Auto. Freelance is a setting in which the armor's internal motors mirrors the occupant's muscles, moving with them and essentially boosting the user's strength and speed. Auto is a user-engaged setting that consists of a large list of pre-programmed motions which move the armor regardless of the occupant's movement. Utilizing Auto allows the user to perfectly execute movements at a constant rate. However, without intense training, occupants of the armor can take a severe thrashing from the armor's strict motions.

Auto has another setting, Adaptive Auto, or AA. It's a dangerous setting which, instead of using the occupant's pre-programmed actions, uses the Power Armor's AI to generate new actions on the fly. This can allow the user to perform faster combos or to hit enemies with far greater precision and impact, but at a higher risk of self-injury due to the suit's erratic movement. Thus, to use a specific weapon in this mode, the Knight must obtain a Utility Violation Lisence, or UVL, for the weapon. Many knights are still sceptical about the usage of Adaptive Auto, not only for its ability to take complete control away from the occupant, but also for the injury it can cause.
Recently though, with the recovery of the Battle Sprites, the combined AI of the Sprite and the knight's Power Armor is powerful enough to calculate occupant strain before each action.

Next.

As covered in the Bomb Internal Basics I linked above, Bombs can have their blasts skewed to deal greater damage to priority targets. Blasts can be skewed by lowering or increasing the energy threshold on select polarized pores on the Bomb's Shell.
This can be achieved by modifying the electronic signature during generation using a Battle Sprite's AI or Creaturebane-Class armor AI, or after the signature is recieved by the bomb using the Bomb's Scanner.
Once again, Knights that modify their Bomb's Scanner are required to obtain a Utility Violation Licence to show they are not using a weapon as it was originally designed.

There's an extremely old method called Acoustic levitation. It's been around for quite a few millennia. Surprised you haven't heard of it.

How do I shot sword?

How does eat food? We may never know.

Next.

Knight's power armor does support the ability to jump. The dash is an example of the powerful leg motors used. Of course, rapid repeated use of such a function can cause a lot of stress on the legs so in order to prevent user injury, this function is limited.

Since the clockworks needs to be able to provide transport to many different species, especially ones unable to clamber over difficult terrain like Scuttlebots and Jelly Cubes, much of the active clockworks can be accessed without needing to jump.

Next.

Shields contain a generator which creates an omnidirectional forcefield capable of withstanding quite a large amount of damage. Taking too much damage causes a shield to drop, and it requires a short period of time in order to reboot. Fairly standard forcefield science.

Different shields work in different ways, however. The Plate Shields operate by a very simplistic "more power = more defense" method. This allows them to sustain quite a bit of damage from most sources. The Omega Shell is a later refinement of this system, but it is by no means superior.
Piercing Shields use a string-field generator. This doesn't generate a single surface, but rather a large series of strings that squiggle rapidly across the designated "surface" of the forcefield. This system is excellent for interrupting physical projectiles, especially rapidly moving ones or projectiles designed to penetrate solid matter.
Elemental Shields are charged with an alternating current. This can dissipate the majority of focused energy before it can connect with the forcefield.
Shadow Shields operation, once again, is based off the barely understood Dark Matter. As regular matter's contact with Dark Matter can cause considerable inexplicable decay, the best defence against it is Dark Matter itself, or in the case of the forcefield, Dark Energy.

Creatures of the Chroma family seem to be able to digest just about anything. Although Chroma's life cycle hasn't been directly observed, it's presumed that Kleptolisks' are the Chroma's teen stage. Once they ingest a chemical, their body has the incredible characteristic of being able to replicate it. Deadly chemicals that are replicated are then used as a bio-weapon against predators or prey.

We have not yet recovered enough data on Owlites in order to make an educated guess on their biology.
The conflict between Owlites and Kats most likely arose from technological envy, but once again, not enough information to make a solid deduction.

Next.

The Brandish upgrades are astounding pieces of handiwork. By identifying a series of air molecules and then bombarding them from two directions with electromagnetic radiation, the intersecting wavelengths cause energy levels to spike in the selected molecules causing them to tear apart and release energy. This is very effective with gases or even liquids with low reactivity, but can be very dangerous near flammable or radioactive gases and liquids, and is completely useless in a vacuum. As a powerful but risky sword, due to the Brandish modification's tendency to ignite nearby materials, it quickly earned the name "Fireburst".
As the Fireburst is an electronically powered weapon, it did not need to be refuelled like other fire-based weapons of its time such as the Hot Edge.

The early models of the Fireburst simply caused these explosions haphazardly. Although it was crude and effective, self injury was often caused by target remains being flung back at the user. This led to the addition of a powerful electrohydrodynamic device to the blade in order to control the blast's direction using the Biefeld–Brown effect. The dangerously high voltage used for this device doubled nicely as a weapon, and coined the term "Voltedge".

As a testament to the name, a Fireburst was modified by boosting the power of the EHD device, at the cost of the power for the initial electromagnetic bombardment. This meant that arcs of dangerous amounts of electricity could be released at the moment of explosion, allowing the electricity jump around the low-pressure environment of the blast, frying anyone or anything unfortunate to be in its path. This design, although no safer than the last, quickly fell into common use.

It seems I've made a mistake, I'll correct that now.